The application of a range of Malvern Instruments systems to study various aspects of colloidal science are discussed in a number of application and technical notes and in a series of on-line presentations listed below. These include discussions of the factors that influence dispersion stability, how various techniques can be used to predict product shelf life and how formulation stability can be monitored and improved. These subjects are discussed with respect to a range of application areas including ceramics, pharmaceuticals and protein formulations.
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Presentations:
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On demand presentation on "Predicting Formulation Stability with the Zetasizer Nano System ".
For industries involved in the production of colloidal dispersions, the long-term dispersion stability is an important characteristic of the final product. The stability of a particle dispersion will depend upon the balance of the repulsive and attractive forces that exist between particles as they approach one another. The magnitude of the electrostatic interactions between particles can be determined by measuring the zeta potential of the particle dispersion and hence zeta potential measurements can be used to predict dispersion stability. This presentation describes the application of zeta potential measurements in predicting dispersion stability.
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On demand presentation on "Why measure Zeta Potential?".
This presentation provides an overview of what zeta potential is, what affects it and how it is measured. The use of zeta potential in predicting dispersion stability is also discussed and illustrated with application examples.
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On demand presentation on:"What Affects Dispersion Stability and How Can We Predict It?".
The stability of a particle dispersion is determined by the balance between repulsive and attractive forces which the particles experience as they approach one another. This presentation discusses how dispersion stability can be achieved, what factors influence it and how an understanding of these factors can be used to predict the shelf life of a product.
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On demand presentation on:"Monitoring and predicting protein formulation stability".
Stability can be defined in various ways from expiration dates to shelf life. The z-average size from dynamic light scattering measurements can be used to monitor time dependent aggregation of protein formulations. The Zeta potential from electrophoretic light scattering is often used to characterize the surface properties of particles, and is influenced by both steric and charge effects.
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On demand presentation on:"The Use Of Zeta Potential For Improving Suspension Stability And Product Shelf Life".
The application of zeta potential measurements to investigating mechanisms of achieving dispersion stability in various industries will be presented.
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On demand presentation on:"The MPT-2 Sample Preparation Accessory for Zetasizer Series".
The measurement of the zeta potential of a dispersed system is rarely useful if only performed under a single set of environmental conditions. Much more information is available for stability prediction.
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Application notes:
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Importance of Zeta Potential in ceramic processing - Alumina
Results suggest that the stability of alumina suspensions is governed more by APMA and that the presence of PEG will not alter the dispersion characteristics.
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Importance of zeta potential in ceramic processing - Zirconia
Understanding the interaction between binders and dispersants in ceramic slurries can help determine the optimum conditions for a given ceramic suspension.
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The influence of electrostatic stabilisation within apolar suspension formulations.
This study indicates that electrostatic repulsion may influence suspension physical stability in solvents with a dielectric constant as low as 9.0. This mechanism could be utilized to help stabilize dispersions even in apolar media.
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Use of zeta potential measurements to study sterically stabilized liposomes
Liposomes are vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid molecules, usually phospholipid. They can be prepared so that they entrap materials both within their aqueous compartment (water-soluble materials) and within the membrane (oil-soluble materials). They are extensively used as vehicles for the targeted delivery of drugs. The fate of intravenously injected liposomes is determined by a number of properties. Two of the most important are particle size and zeta potential.
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Zeta potential in pharmaceutical formulation
Although particle size and its measurement are intuitively familiar to particle technologists, the concept of zeta potential is less widely understood and applied. This is unfortunate since it is at least as fundamentally important as particle size in determining the behaviour of particulate materials, especially those with sizes in the colloidal range below a micrometer. Zeta potential is related to the charge on the surface of the particle, and so influences a wide range of properties of colloidal materials, such as their stability, interaction with electrolytes, and suspension rheology.
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The use of Zeta Potential in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Article from "BOC Commentary" October 1999 and reprinted in "International Labmate" February 2000
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Characterization of colloidal drug carrier systems with Zeta potential measurements.
From "Pharmacuetical Technology Europe" 01 1999.
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Emulsions: Predicting the stability of lipid emulsions
Measurements of zeta potential, along with particle size, can be used to predict the stability of fat emulsions.
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Optimizing topical skin care formulations and production
Particle size and zeta potential are fundamental parameters that control stability of suspensions. This study was conducted to optimize manufacturing process variables (chemical composition, temperature, degree of homogenization, cooling rate, etc) by studying variations that occur in either, or both, the particle size and zeta potential of a commercially available raw material used in skin care product formulation and manufacture.
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Size and zeta potential characterisation of anionic and cationic liposomes on the Zetasizer Nano
The physical characterization of liposomes is of great importance in understanding their suitability for a range of applications. Knowledge of the zeta potential of a liposome preparation can help to predict the fate of the liposomes in vivo.
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Technical notes:
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Dynamic Light Scattering: An Introduction in 30 Minutes
Dynamic Light Scattering (sometimes referred to as Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering) is a technique for measuring the size of particles typically in the submicron region.
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Zeta potential - An introduction in 30 minutes
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